![]() While it is important to provide opportunities for students to learn about cause and effect in discrete lessons, further opportunities to reinforce their understanding will arise in all sorts of lessons. If X, Then Y: Some More Activities for Teaching Cause and EffectĪs with all the various reading comprehension strategies, becoming skilled in this area takes time and practice – lots of practice! The following activities will help students practice their cause-and-effect chops. Finally, students record each event or action on the graphic organizer.ĭepending on the student’s ability and the text’s sophistication, you may find it appropriate to make links with inference strategies here too.Īs a post-reading activity, you may also wish the students to form smaller groups to compare their findings and discuss the reasons for their decisions.Next, students work to determine whether each event or action is a cause or an effect.While reading a text with the class, have students identify the key events or actions in the story.Then, introduce the appropriate graphic organizer for the reading material chosen. First, provide students with an overview of the story detailing the main events.The following is a useful template to follow when planning cause and effect focussed lessons in a whole class context. These practice sessions should utilize a wide range of reading material in a variety of genres and of various complexities. Once that is done, students should then be offered ample opportunity to practice this strategy in discrete lessons. Teaching cause and effect begins with defining both terms clearly for the students. As students become more experienced and sophisticated in their approach, they will be able to tailor individual graphic organizers to meet the needs of the specific reading material they are engaged with. Students simply add more arrows and boxes to display the relationships between different events. Graphic organizers can also be useful to display complex relationships between events where an event has more than one cause or effect. ![]() In this way, students can also visually comprehend how effects themselves become causes. As one event occurs we can trace the subsequent event it causes easily. Students record events in the boxes to display the relationships between them. ![]() The Cause and Effect Chain is a simple graphic organizer consisting of a series of sequential boxes joined by arrows. This allows students to see the cause and related effects quickly and can serve as a useful study tool to review material. Students can record the cause in the left-hand column and the corresponding effect opposite in the right-hand column. This simple graphic organizer consists of two columns labelled cause and effect, respectively. Don’t allow your students to be affected by ignorance of the difference any longer! No matter how many times students are exposed to this distinction, a few will always manage to avoid learning it. When teaching cause and effect, be sure to take the chance to reinforce the difference between the noun ‘effect’ and the verb ‘affect’. However, the purpose of this article is to make that understanding explicit to offer a range of strategies that will help students clearly identify the causes and effects that are woven throughout the fabric of the texts they will read. They may already display a good implicit understanding of the concepts in their reading and writing. The concept of cause-and-effect relationships is so prevalent in our everyday lives that students are usually quick to pick up on them. Cause and effect are important elements of a text that help the reader to follow a writer’s line of thought, regardless of whether that text is fiction or nonfiction. To put it concisely, cause is the why something happened, and effect is the what happened. It is what happened next in the text that results from a preceding cause. In essence, cause is the thing that makes other things happen. But, what exactly do we mean when we speak of cause and effect in relation to reading?Ĭause is the driving force in the text. Understanding how cause and effect inform the organisation of a text enhances a student’s ability to fully comprehend what they have read. Hyperbole: A Complete Guide for Students and Teachers. ![]() 13 Literary Devices to Supercharge your Writing Skills.Literary Devices & Figures of Speech Expand.Writing engaging Characters and Settings.5 Paragraph (Hamburger) Essay Structure.How to Start an Essay with Strong Hooks and Leads. ![]()
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